What is shunt and series compensation?

What is shunt and series compensation?

In series compensation, the FACTS is connected in series with the power system. It works as a controllable voltage source. To compensate, a shunt capacitor is connected which draws current leading the source voltage. The net result is improvement in power factor.

What are the types of shunt compensation?

Examples of shunt compensation

• Thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR): reactor is connected in series with a bidirectional thyristor valve.
• Thyristor-switched reactor (TSR): Same as TCR but thyristor is either in zero- or full- conduction.

What are the objectives of shunt compensation?

The ultimate objective of applying reactive shunt compensation in a transmission system is to increase the transmittable power. This may be required to improve the steady-state transmission characteristics as well as the stability of the system.

What are the disadvantages of shunt compensation?

The main disadvantage of shunt capacitor banks is that its reactive power output is proportional to the square of the voltage and consequently when the voltage is low and the system need them most, they are the least efficient.

What are the problems with series compensation?

Problem associated with Series capacitor The series compensated line produces series resonance at frequencies lower than power frequencies. This is known as sub-synchronous resonance. The sub-synchronous produces mechanical stress due to which high torsional stress occurs in the rotor shaft.

Why shunt reactor is used?

Shunt reactors are used to increase the power and energy system efficiency as it absorb & compensate the reactive power in cables and long high voltage transmission lines. It can be directly connected to the power line or tertiary winding of three winding transformer.

What limits the loading capability?

What Limits the Loading capability? Thermal: Thermal capability of an overhead line is a function of the ambient temperature, wind conditions, condition of the conductor, and ground clearance. It varies perhaps by a factor of 2 to 1 due to the variable environment and the loading history.

How shunt compensation is different from series compensation?

The main difference between the SVC and STATCON is that in case of SVC the current injected into the system depends upon the system voltage, but in case of STATCON it is independent of system voltage. STATCON generate or absorb reactive power without the use of capacitor or reactors.

Which is used for line compensation?

In other words, in series compensation, reactive power is inserted in series with the transmission line for improving the impedance of the system. It improves the power transfer capability of the line. It is mostly used in extra and ultra high voltage line.

What is the purpose of series compensation?

Series compensation is a well established technology that is primarily used to reduce transfer reactances, most notably in bulk transmission corridors. The result is a significant increase in power transfer capacity and improvement of voltage and angular stability in transmission systems.

What is the function of shunt capacitor?

In a power distribution system, electrical engineers place a connector in parallel throughout the transmission. This gadget is known as a shunt capacitor. The shunt capacitor helps balance power transmission issues such as low voltage regulation, poor reliability, and power factors.

What is the difference between a transformer and shunt reactor?

While a Power Transformer is designed for efficient power transfer from one voltage system to another, a shunt reactor is intended only to consume reactive VArs (or in other words it can be stated as to produce lagging VArs).

Which is the best definition of shunt compensation?

Shunt compensation,Series Compensation,Transmission lines,Voltage,Power. The continuous increase of the voltage of transmission, line lengths and number of sub-conductors per bundle has emphasized the importance of the excessive line MVAR in EHV systems as well as the associated voltage and reactive controls.

How does series and shunt compensation affect voltage stability?

By artificial injection of reactive power to the loads relieves the transmission network from reactive power flow and improves both the transmission efficiency and operating power factor. But by artificial injection of negative reactance in the lines relieves the lines from excessive voltage drop and improves the voltage regulation.

Why does shunt compensation on EHV transmission line?

During line- charging volt-amperes of a line which have exceeded the inductive vars consumed and operation at light loads, there is an undesirable voltage rises along the line. This voltage rise in turn demands a much higher insulation level, which poses a great problem for the capacitive generator.

How to calculate the ideal shunt compensator circuit?

Figure 7.2a and b show the arrangement of the ideal midpoint shunt compensator, which maintains a voltage, Vc, equal to the bus bar voltage such that Vs = Vr = Vc = V. Each half of the line is represented by a π equivalent circuit.